{"id":12412,"date":"2015-02-14T02:43:58","date_gmt":"2015-02-14T00:43:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=12412"},"modified":"2015-02-14T02:43:58","modified_gmt":"2015-02-14T00:43:58","slug":"first-use-of-secchi-disk-in-measuring-water-transparency","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=12412","title":{"rendered":"First use of &#8220;Secchi disk&#8221; in measuring water transparency"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12414\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?attachment_id=12414\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01.jpg?fit=687%2C924&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"687,924\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Secchi disk (01)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01.jpg?fit=687%2C924&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-12414\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01-223x300.jpg?resize=223%2C300\" alt=\"Secchi disk (01)\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01.jpg?resize=223%2C300&amp;ssl=1 223w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-01.jpg?w=687&amp;ssl=1 687w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 223px) 100vw, 223px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"12415\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?attachment_id=12415\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg?fit=1262%2C939&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1262,939\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Secchi disk (02)\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg?fit=750%2C557&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-12415\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02-300x223.jpg?resize=300%2C223\" alt=\"Secchi disk (02)\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg?resize=300%2C223&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg?resize=1024%2C761&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Secchi-disk-02.jpg?w=1262&amp;ssl=1 1262w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Being a simple and useful tool, the \u201cSecchi disc\u201d or \u201cSecchi disk\u201d is widely used as a simple tool for measuring the transparency in water bodies including fish ponds.\u00a0 The disk is commonly identified by its circular appearance with its black and white quadrates. The simplicity of the disk goes also \u00a0to its use that only requires the lowering of the disc into the water until it disappears then raising the disc until it reappears whereas the average of the two readings (disappearance and reappearance) is known as the transparency (or turbidity) of this particular waters. Based on such measurements along with other analysis, management actions could be taken. The credit of the Secchi disc goes to an astrophysicist, Pietro Angelo Secchi (1818-1978) who was the scientific advisor to the Pope and who was requested by the head of the Papal Navy to measure transparency in the Mediterranean Sea. Subsequently, Pietro Angelo Secchi developed the first 30-cm diameter disk which was lowered from the papal yacht, on April 20, 1865. The disk was plain white. There have been several versions to the first disk used by Secchi reaching to the disc of about 20 cm in diameter which \u2013for easier visibility- is divided into four equal sections (quadrants) painted alternately black and white like the attached calibrated rod, PVC pipe or rope such as the ones used at the present.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Being a simple and useful tool, the \u201cSecchi disc\u201d or \u201cSecchi disk\u201d is widely used as a simple tool for measuring the transparency in water bodies including fish ponds.\u00a0 The disk is commonly identified by its circular appearance with its black and white quadrates. The simplicity of the disk goes also &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=12412\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[359,11,291,293],"tags":[5716,5719,5717,3045,1470,5718,456,571],"class_list":["post-12412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aquaculture-and-artisanal-fishery-global-information-sharing","category-english","category-gallery-2","category-photos","tag-first-disk","tag-measurement-method","tag-pietro-angelo-secchi","tag-secchi-disc","tag-secchi-disk","tag-versions-of-secchi-disk","tag-water-transparency","tag-water-turbidity","item-wrap"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1NIq6-3ec","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12412"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12417,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12412\/revisions\/12417"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}