{"id":15687,"date":"2021-08-01T21:27:47","date_gmt":"2021-08-01T19:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=15687"},"modified":"2021-08-01T21:27:52","modified_gmt":"2021-08-01T19:27:52","slug":"mitigation-of-rising-salinity-in-lake-qarun-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=15687","title":{"rendered":"Mitigation of rising salinity in Lake Qarun &#8211; Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Video credit:<\/strong> Patrick Appenteng (Ghana), Charles Makuya (Malawi), Djouani Marcelin (Cameroon), and Marx Garcia (Philippines) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Description:<\/strong> Abdel Rahman El Gamal (Founder of the video channel) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" data-attachment-id=\"15688\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?attachment_id=15688\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;ST66 \/ ST68&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1470917250&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;COPYRIGHT, 2011&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.002&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Emisal picture 01\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?fit=750%2C563&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i1.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?fit=750%2C563\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/fishconsult.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Emisal-picture-01.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Lake Qarun\n(Fayoum &#8211; Egypt) was directly connected with River Nile in ancient times and so\nforming a natural reservoir of freshwater before being disconnected. Since\nthen, the lake (~23,000 ha), turned into a closed basin relying solely on\nagricultural drainage water and hence resulting in a steadily rising of water\nsalinity mainly due to the evaporation of lake water. The salinity of lake\nwater ranges from 35 to 40 g\/L in the present time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The threatening\nof salinity increase to the lake fishery called for mitigation approaches\nespecially when we know that the total build-up of salt in the lake is\nestimated by about 600,000 tons annually. Among various suggested strategies, salt\nextraction from the lake water has been recommended as a realistic and\neffective approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The inserted video has been mainly filmed in a large salt\nextraction factory (Emisal). The infrastructure and so the technologies in\npractice allow the extraction of about 300,000 tons of salt\/year from Lake\nQarun, sorted as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Anhydrous sodium sulfate\n     (120,000 tons\/year)\u2013 Used in the manufacturing of dry detergents<\/li><li>Refined sodium chloride (edible \u2013 150,000\n     tons) and vacuum sodium chloride (90,000 tons)\/year<\/li><li>Magnesium\n     sulfate (27, 000 tons\/year)- used in the fertilizers\u2019 industry<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It may be worth\nnoting that about 18 million tons of dissolved salts have been excreted from\nthe lake during the period from 1984 to 2018. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-youtube wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/M3lLao-7Fek?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Video credit: Patrick Appenteng (Ghana), Charles Makuya (Malawi), Djouani Marcelin (Cameroon), and Marx Garcia (Philippines) Description: Abdel Rahman El Gamal (Founder of the video channel) Lake Qarun (Fayoum &#8211; Egypt) was directly connected with River Nile in ancient times and so forming a natural reservoir of freshwater before being disconnected. Since then, the lake (~23,000 &hellip; <\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link btn\" href=\"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/?p=15687\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5224,294],"tags":[1452,7170,2113,7169,2117,7172,7171],"class_list":["post-15687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fisheries","category-videos","tag-egypt","tag-increasing-salinity","tag-lake-qarun","tag-mitigation-procedure","tag-salt-extraction","tag-sodium-chloride","tag-sodium-sulfate","item-wrap"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p1NIq6-451","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15687"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15689,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15687\/revisions\/15689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fishconsult.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}