The fry of this species are collected from the Mediterranean Sea. In regard to growth rate, flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is showing highest growth rate among mullet species. Because of early collection of its fry in Egypt (September – December), it attains its market size with an average of 300-400 g in a single growing season. Usually farmed in polyculture with tilapia. The tolerance of this species to wide range of salinity, flathead grey mullet could be farmed in different environments with salinity that ranges from sea water (or above) to freshwater.
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This species is found more in the Red Sea system due to its high tolerance to high salinity. The fry of keeled mullet (Liza carinata) are collected from collecting stations in Ismaelia and Suez. Even though the growth rate of keeled mullet is not high especially when compared to key mullet species, there is a high market demand -and so premium prices- on keeled mullet especially when processed as salted fish.
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Review: Abdel Rahman El Gamal (Founder of the website)
Mullet farming still depends on naturally collected fry whereas the artificial reproduction of mullet is carried out at experimental levels in Egypt. There are several stations where mullet fry are collected. Key mullet species are flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), thin-lipped grey mullet (Liza ramada), and keeled mullet (Liza carinata). The seasonality of the collection vary among species; while the fry of M. cephalus are collected during August-December; the L. ramada fry are collected during December till April. Also, there are spatial influence on collected species; the fry of keeled mullet are more dominant in the Suez region. The collection of mullet fry takes place under governmental supervision and restricted for 6 hours per day in order to allow the capture fishery to obtain a fair share of the fry. It is hoped that one day, the hatchery-produced fry of mullet will be available at a reasonable cost and sufficient quantity to fulfill the requirement of Egyptian aquaculture.
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The photo shows a classic view of the spawning nests in earthen ponds for mouth brooder tilapia such as Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The nest is built by the male while female joins where the spawning takes place before females incubates the fertilized eggs. If harvesting of tilapia fry is performed in these ponds, it should be noted that tilapia fry will be staying in these nests and so using seines could damage and stress these fry. Therefore, other methods such as trapping should be used in such situations whereas fry are attracted to water current and hence collected in clean water with minimum stress if any.
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The photo shows freshly hatched yolk sac fry of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Yolks provide the main nutrition to this early larval stage. The rate and duration of yolk consumption will be determined based on water temperature. Afterwards, yolk-sac fry will turn to swim-up fry.
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Blue tilapia (Oreochromis auraeus) is a mouth brooder tilapia. Watch the blue nose and incomplete bands on the tail. This species is more tolerant to low water temperature than Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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The use of air lift technology in a tilapia hatchery (Egypt). This is a reliable means in maintaining water current during egg incubation and early nursing.
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Eyed stage is an advanced stage of embryonic development. Hatching will largely depend on water temperature. Note that because tilapia eggs are opaque, a special arrangement will be required to enable seeing through eggs.
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This particular red tilapia which is more towards orange color resulted from the mating of blue tilapia (oreochromis aureus) with mutant red tilapia (this hybrid will not breed true). Red hybrids have been backcrossed with blue tilapia targeting to increase the contribution of blue tilapia genes in the genetic make-up and hence enhance passing the cold tolerance from the blue tilapia to the red hybrids.
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The photo shows a female of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus based on her papilla. For smaller sizes and/or with personnel who are not familiar with tilapia, a dye named as crystal violet may be used to show clearly the papilla.
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