Credit: Deepak Bhusal (Nepal)
Fish ladder is the alternative path left during construction of Dams for upstream and downstream migration of fish. According to aquatic animal’s protection act (Nepal), at least 10 percent of water should drain through fish ladder. This particular fish ladder targets to protect fish the following species from being endangered: Sahar (Tor putitora), Katle (Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis), Asala (Schizothorax progastus), and Gardi (Labeo dero). It may worth mentioning that during the construction of hydroelectric project in river Marsyangdi River and where no passage was left for fish ladder, many species have been endangered i.e. Sahar, Asala (Schizothoraz sp.), and Gardi (Labeo dero). There are few more examples of fish ladders in Nepal such as Koshi barrage, Chandra Nahar in Trijuga, and Gandak barrage.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This is expected and will be appreciated.
![Fish ladder (Nepal)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Fish-ladder-Nepal-163x300.jpg?resize=163%2C300)
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Credit: Han Huong (Vietnam)
Harvesting catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus in Giang province, Vietnam
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![Harvesting catfish in Giang Province, Vietnam](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Harvesting-catfish-in-Giang-Province-Vietnam.jpg?resize=238%2C181)
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Credit: Han Huong (Vietnam).
Cage farming of grouper in Khanh Hoa, (Vietnam)
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![Cage culture (grouper) in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Cage-culture-grouper-in-Khanh-Hoa-province-Vietnam.jpg?resize=246%2C207)
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Credit: Deepak Bhusal (Nepal).
The photo shows a fish hatchery situated in Mirmi, Syangja of Nepal. This hatchery was established after the construction of Kali Gandaki Hygroelectric Project A’. A major purpose of this hatchery is to breed the indigenous fish inhabiting in and release to the reservoirs and its feeding river. Fish species like Tor putitora, Schizothorax progastus, Labeo dero, Neolissocheilus hexagonolepis are breed and stock regularly. The second photo belongs to Sahar (Tor putitora) which is one of the cold water native fish species that is spawned in Mirmi hatchery. The photo shows the fertilization process and mixing the milt of a male with femal’s spawn.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This is expected and will be appreciated.
![Fish hatchery at Kali Gandaki](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Fish-hatchery-at-Kali-Gandaki-300x223.jpg?resize=300%2C223)
![Breeding of native fish species (egg fertilization)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Breeding-of-native-fish-species-egg-fertilization-300x180.jpg?resize=300%2C180)
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Credit: Deepak Bhusal (Nepal)
Dried indigenous fish species in Nepal are kept in the market for selling in backgroung Malekhu Bazzar which is attached with highway and also to the Trishuli River which is the rich source of indigenous fish species. Excess of fish is sundried and kept in the market for selling. Fish species used for drying are Nakata (Garra gotyla), Buduna (Garra annandalei), Kabre (Glyptothorax sps,), Sahar (Tor putitora), Faketa (Barilius sps,), Sidra (Puntius sps,).
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This is expected and will be appreciated.
![Selling dried fish in Nepal](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Selling-dried-fish-in-Nepal-300x223.jpg?resize=300%2C223)
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Credit : G. Venkata Raju (India) – (gvraju_fisheries@yahoo.co.in)
Circular (Chinese type) cemented tanks are used to conduct artificial breeding of carps. This kind of establishment would facilitate to create artificial environment to trigger the brood stock for early and large scale production of spawn to meet the seed demand of carp fish farming.
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![Artificial breeding of carps in circular tanks in India](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Artificial-breeding-of-carps-in-circular-tanks-in-India-300x145.png?resize=300%2C145)
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Credit : G. Venkata Raju (India) – (gvraju_fisheries@yahoo.co.in)
Due to the wind action, the waves created would generally disturb the pond bunds making the pond water in that region more turbid. To arrest recurrent erosion of in shrimp pond, plastic paper lining is laid in some shrimp ponds.
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![Lining of Vannamei shrimp ponds in India](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Lining-of-Vannamei-shrimp-ponds-in-India-300x231.jpg?resize=300%2C231)
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Credit : G. Venkata Raju (India) – (gvraju_fisheries@yahoo.co.in)
As far as the carp farming is concerned, mostly the harvesting will be done by using drag net. Generally, 10 – 20 personnel are engaged in the activity depending on the size of the pond and size of the stock (to be harvested) to ensure partial harvesting. Total harvesting will be done by draining out the complete dewatering through outlet.
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![Carp harvesting using drag net in India](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Carp-harvesting-using-drag-net-in-India-300x197.jpg?resize=300%2C197)
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Credit : G. Venkata Raju (India) – (gvraju_fisheries@yahoo.co.in).
The shrimp farms are mostly square type and are well established with pumping system, monk type sluices, aerators, drainage system, etc to facilitate the semi-intensive farming.
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![A typical semi-intensive shrimp farm in India](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/A-typical-semi-intensive-shrimp-farm-in-India-300x221.jpg?resize=300%2C221)
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Credit: Han Huong (Vietnam):
Clam culture (Meretrix lyrata) in Thanh Hoa Province (Vietnam). The photo shows the clam farmer while checking the farm fence for ensuring maximum security to his farm.
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![Clam culture in Thanh Hoa Province (Vietnam)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Clam-culture-in-Thanh-Hoa-Province-Vietnam.jpg?resize=261%2C196)
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