This flexible system provide enough protection to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during cold weather in Egypt and in the same time allows fish to disperse in the pond and feed whenever weather gets warmer. Overwinter greenhouses are placed in earthen ponds whereas plastic covers go well below water surface but not reaching pond bottom. The area beneath greenhouses will be protected against cold winds and act as shelters to tilapia. Whenever, weather warms up as the case in sunny days, fish have the choice to temporarily swim away the green house and grazes natural food or feed artificial feed as shown in the photo with a demand feeder. This type of overwintering facility does not interrupt farming operations whereas fixed parts remains uncovered during warm months and are covered only when cold weather approaches (this is seen in the second photo).
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be expected and appreciated.
![Overwintering facilities for tilapia (A demand feeder and a green house in an earthen pond)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Overwintering-facilities-for-tilapia-A-demand-feeder-and-a-green-house-in-an-earthen-pond-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
![Overwintering facilities for tilapia (greenhouses in earthen ponds)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Overwintering-facilities-for-tilapiagreenhouses-in-earthen-ponds-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: Proyrat Chaowajaroenpong and Ong-art Kumprasert
Morning cleaning whereas cage workers observe cages and take out sluggish or dead fish as well as feed residue. This daily activity will help keep maintain good water quality and minimize the incidences of diseases. This operation includes taking out taking out weak fish, residue feed off for control water quality and disease (a private cage farm in Thailand).
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to
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![Daily cleaning, every morning worker will take weak fish, residue feed off for control water quality and disease](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Daily-cleaning-every-morning-worker-will-take-weak-fish-residue-feed-off-for-control-water-quality-and-disease-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: Proyrat Chaowajaroenpong and Ong-art Kumprasert
The use of demand feeders in feeding tilapia in cages in a private farm in Maeklong River, Kanchnaburi province, Thailand.
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![Feeding tilapia in cages in a private farm in Maeklong River (Thailand)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Feeding-tilapia-in-cages-in-a-private-farm-in-Maeklong-River-Thailand-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: Proyrat Chaowajaroenpong and Ong-art Kumprasert:
Seine harvesting of tilapia in a private fish farm (Thailand).
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![Seine harvesting of tilapia in a private farm (Thailand)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Seine-harvesting-of-tilapia-in-a-private-farm-Thailand-300x200.jpg?resize=300%2C200)
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Credit: Proyrat Chaowajaroenpong and Ong-art Kumprasert (Thailand)
The main features of the culture of abalone (Haliotis asinine) in concrete pond include a water depth of not more than 1.5 meter, clear water, and flow through water of 5-10 liter/min.; aeration of pond water is practiced. Water pollution is considered the main obstacle that negatively affects hatchery productivity whereas survival is very low due to variety of causes. The low survival leads to the increase of production cost. However, abalone enjoys had demand as well as high price.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be appreciated.
![Abalone concrete pond culture at Prachaubkririkun Coastal Fisheries Research and Development center, Thailand](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Abalone-concrete-pond-culture-at-Prachaubkririkun-Coastal-Fisheries-Research-and-Development-center-Thailand-300x237.png?resize=300%2C237)
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Credit: Proyrat Chaowajaroenpong and Ong-art Kumprasert
Red tilapia in a 2-ton nursing tank with flow through water system before transfer to the cage at private farm in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be appreciated.
![Red tilapia in a 2ton nursing tank before transfer to the cage at private farm in Kanchanaburi Province](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Red-tilapia-in-a-2ton-nursing-tank-before-transfer-to-the-cage-at-private-farm-in-Kanchanaburi-Province-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: D. S. K. Pitigala and Ananda sugathapala (SriLanka)
Nallachchiya tank which is a large irrigation system presents a model of multiple use of of irrigation water which leads to magnifying its benefits through fish stocking. Tilapia and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings are stocked in the tank through the support of Mahaweli Authority of SriLanka (MASL). Fish production of this large irrigation system is estimated by about 90 tons/year.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be appreciated. ![Stoking Fingerlings for Nallachchiya tank in Anuradapura (Sri Lanka)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Stoking-Fingerlings-for-Nallachchiya-tank-in-Anuradapura-Sri-Lanka-300x225.png?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: D. S. K. Pitigala and Ananda sugathapala (Sri Lanka):
Udawalawe tank (reservoir) was constructed in the mid 1960s by damming the Walawe Ganga River to develop the irrigation capacity in a target zone. At full supply level, the tank covers an area of about 3400 ha. The photo shows two fishermen prepare for fishing in Udawalawe tank. In the present, there are there are 47 fiberglass fishing boats operating in the tank with two fishermen for each boat. Fish catch of the tank is compromised of tilapia, Indian carps (catla and rohu), and common carp. Fish production of the tank is estimated by about 270 tons/year whereas about 2100 beneficiaries depend on this tank fishery in their living.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be appreciated.
![Srilankan fishermen prepare for fishing in Udawalawe tank (Srilanka)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Srilankan-fishermen-prepare-for-fishing-in-Udawalawe-tank-Srilanka-300x225.jpg?resize=300%2C225)
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Credit: D. S. K. Pitigala and Ananda sugathapala (SriLanka)
The photo shows a private small-scale fish hatchery which was established in 2006 and located at Eppawala in Anuradapura. The hatchery-produced fingerlings are those for tilapia, Chinese carps and Indian carps. Production capacity of this hatchery is about 0.8 – 1 million of fingerlings/year. The hatchery is located close to village fish farms.
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![A private Small scale fish hathery in Anuradapura (Sri Lanka)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/A-private-Small-scale-fish-hathery-in-Anuradapura-Sri-Lanka-300x188.png?resize=300%2C188)
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Credit: D. S. K. Pitigala and Ananda sugathapala (SriLanka)
The picture shows fish catch which is mainly dominated by Catla catla which has been captured by fishing boats operating in Udawalawe Reservoier (SriLanka). Fish traders go the the place where fishing boats land and select the fish species and sizes they like to purchase. In some situations if the catch is very large, fish is sold through auctions otherwise sold through independent arrangenments.
Note: We decided not to watermark the photos in order not to upset its clarity. However, we trust you will notify us if you wish to use a picture or more. This will be appreciated.
![Dailly fish production (Cattla cattla) in Udawalawe Reservoier of Srilanka](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Dailly-fish-production-Cattla-cattla-in-Udawalawe-Reservoier-of-Srilanka-300x226.jpg?resize=300%2C226)
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Permanent link to this article: https://fishconsult.org/?p=1353
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