These wooden water wheels were first introduced to Fayoum by the Ptolemies engineers for lifting water between four and five meters to the irrigation channels of the agronomic projects. These water wheels move water in a very old traditional way. During those old days, certain families specialized in making these water wheels. These historic water wheels do no longer exist in Egypt except several of them in some locations in Fayoum. The video shows four waterwheels located in the city center which is among tourist attraction. There are several water wheels situated in other places in Fayoum. The governorate of Fayoum adopted these historic and unique water wheels as its national symbol.
The type of seaweed processing in this plant includes drying, freezing and packaging. Several seaweed groups are processed in this plant including the following groups. Alaria (Alaria esculenta) is processed for different purposes including the miso soup, salads (steamed whole leaf), use in green or energy drinks (powdered). The “Porphyra” which is a genus of the Rhodophyta is processed for raw salad, sushi wrapping, and as a side dish (in its dry sheet). The “Undaria” is processed to be used in raw salad, dry thalli for soup and/or as fried snack. The last group “Laminaria” is processed for raw salad, dry thalli for seasoning, cookies, and for chemical extract (e.g. pills for constipation relieve). This particular processing plant is located in Gyo-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan. The seaweed products are either marketed locally in South Korea or exported.
The Red Sea Mimic Blenny, Ecsenius gravieri is a marine-reef species that belongs to the combtooth family (Blenniidae). They can grow up to 8 cm. These fish are yellow and green in coloration with a series of black markings that follow the lateral line of the fish. The Red Sea Mimic Blennies are herbivores and feed on algae and plants. In general, their food must be small enough to just swallow since they are unable to chew. Because this species is generally peaceful and enjoys beautiful color and shape, they are good candidates for aquarium’s trade.
Even though the Red Sea Mimic Blenny lacks the venomous bite against predators which is considered a self-defense mechanism of other blennies (e.g. black-lined blenny), the mimicking of the red Sea mimic blenny to the venomous species would help their survival, as predatory fish typically pass them by.
Unlike most overwintering systems whereas concrete or fiberglass tanks are commonly used under greenhouses, you will see in this videos the overwintering of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus takes place in hapas placed in earthen ponds. This system is far economical and more practical especially overwintered fish continues to be in the nursing or holding ponds while the plastic cover of the green house in pulled over the greenhouse frame which means less handling to overwintered fish. The video has been taken during summer time in Egypt as indicated by the folded plastic cover seen in the middle of the greenhouse.
Video credit: Glenda Vélez Calabria (Colombia) – Review: Abdel Rahman El Gamal
This video was taken in mundo marino and te mostramos lo que pasa en el fondo, Colombia
Introduction: Sea turtles have been around for a very long time and are one of the earth’s most ancient creatures since the time of dinosaurs which goes back to many millions of years. In general, the estimate for the lifespan of sea turtles is 70-80 years.
There are seven species of sea turtles in two families. The family Cheloniidae includes six hard shell turtles: flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus), green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricate), Kemp’s ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii), loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) and olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). The seventh species of leathery skin turtle, leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) belongs to the family Dermochelyidae.
Distribution and habitats: Sea turtles are reptiles that are found primarily warm and temperate waters in the world’s oceans except the Arctic. Most sea turtles undergo long migrations between their feeding grounds and their nesting beaches. Before its sexual maturation, sea turtles spend most of their time in the pelagic zone. Once they turn sexually mature, they move closer to the shore to lay their eggs during the nesting season.
Adaptation- Breathing: Sea turtles are almost submerged, but they must be able to breathe air to meet their oxygen demand. Their lungs are adapted to allow a rapid and efficient exchange of oxygen even at the pressure during deep dives. For some sea turtles species, turtles dive for about 4 to 5 minutes and surface to breathe for 1 to 3 seconds.
Adaptation – Salt glands: Like other marine reptiles, sea turtles rely on a specialized gland to rid the body of excess salt ions, because reptilian kidneys cannot produce urine with a higher ion concentration than sea water.All species of sea turtles have a salt excretory gland at the corner of the eye, in the nostrils, or in the tongue, depending upon the species. Such glands are capable of producing tears with a higher salt concentration than sea water. Because the leatherback turtle feeds primarily on jellyfish and other gelatinous plankton whose salt concentration equals those of sea water, the salt glands of leatherback are capable to handle the higher salt intake of their prey and also, their tears are much saltier than those of other species of sea turtles.
Utilization by humans: Even though the hunting of sea turtles is banned in many countries, marine turtles are still harvested in many parts of the world for food especially in many coastal communities around the world who depend on sea turtles as a source of protein. Also, sea turtle eggs have been collected for consumption.
Some sea turtle species are targeted for their shells for decorative purposes rather than their meat. Expensive shoes and leather goods have been made of the skin of turtle flippers. The Moche tribe of ancient Peru worshiped turtles along with other sea animals. They often enormously depicted sea turtles in Moche art.
Desarrollado a lo largo del litoral peruano, empleando principalmente sistemas suspendidos (Long Line). Los niveles de producción de estas especies son de mayor escala (mayores a 50 TM/año). El principal destino de comercialización es el mercado internacional. Su principal desventaja consiste en una fuerte dependencia de las condiciones ambientales para la obtención de la semilla y la presencia de episodios de marea roja (FAN).
The culture of Peruvian scallop has developed along the Peruvian coast, mainly systems using suspended (Long Line). Production levels of this species are larger scale (greater than 50 tons/year). The main target market of the scallop is the international market. The main disadvantage of this system lies in its dependence on environmental conditions for obtaining the seed as well as in the incidence of the red tide.
Credit: Sekou Oumar Coulibaly and Bamba Kadidiatou Soumare (Mali)
Aquaculture in Mali is relatively recent and was first practiced in the early 80s. The prolonged drought negatively affected the development of aquaculture and reduced its contribution in the programs for rural and agricultural development.
Launching a 3-year Mali/CRSP Project (2007-2010) targeted to promote aquaculture through the areas of pond culture and rice-fish culture. This project titled “Aquatic Resource Use and Conservation for Sustainable Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries in Mali,” included on-farm trials whereas tilapia and African catfish have been chosen for the trials which were conducted at Kayo-Somono and Mofa Fofana.
The Mali/CRSP Project, collaborated with Mali’s Direction Nationale de la Pêche (DNP) on an aquaculture training and research program targeted directly at farmers, fishers, and extension support personnel. The training has been conducted in Mali and Kenya. The South-South approach has been a component of the project in which the scientific expertise of CRSP partners in Kenya to collaborate in the project areas along with Malian counterparts.
The photos and the graph show the active contribution of women in aquaculture and capture fishery in Nepal. However, the contribution level varies among the two sectors. While 60.4% of the work force in capture fishery is credit to women, the contribution of women in aquaculture is reduced to 32.6%.
