Sources: E.B. Worthington, Middle East Science, 1946. Publisher: London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office
Caption of the photo: Fish-pass on the Jebel Aulia dam in Sudan. Above the dam a shallow lake extends to 340,000 acres for six months in each year. It offers a big opportunity for fishery development.
The following paragraph is cited from the above source: Many of the Nile fish undergo pronounced migrations up and down the river, probably for purpose of breeding, so that the provision of adequate fish-passes at the dams is important. No fish-pass was installed at the Sennar dam, although temporary one was erected shortly after its construction and subsequently fell into disrepair and was demolished. It is significant here that one particular fish, the large-sized Nile perch, (Lates niloticus), accumulated in great abundance below the dam for some years after its construction, but now, some thirteen years later, is rarely caught there. This suggests that the passage of this fish up and down the Blue Nile is a necessary part of its life-history, and that the installation of a proper fish pass at the dam should be considered. A pass was installed at the new Jebel Aulia dam, and it is said to be used extensively by many kinds of fish. It is not an ideal pass, however, and might have been considerably more effective if built in such a way that the water emerged from the foot of the pass close to the main rush from the sluice gates.
![Fish ladder in Sudan](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fish-ladder-in-Sudan-300x228.jpg?resize=300%2C228)
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Source: E.B. Worthington, Middle East Science, 1946. Publisher: London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office
Marine fisheries: Gulf of Aden
Caption of the photo: Camels and men consuming dried sardines at Mukalla on the Hadramaut coast
The following paragraph is cited from the above source: The Aden Protectorate, extending eastward along the southern shore of the Arabian Peninsula, is one of the few parts of the world where in normal times fish is in superabundance. The coastal Arabs are essentially a maritime people, fishing and handling the intricate dhow traffic of the Indian Ocean, and for much of the year they appear to eat little but fish. Even their transport camels, plying between the coast and the unique civilization of the Wadi Hadramaut 100 miles inland, are foddered to a large extent on dried sardines. Farther east, beyond Saihut, where the true “Ichthyophagi” live, even cattle are foddered on fish.
![Camels eating sardines in Yemen](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Camels-eating-sardines-in-Yemen-300x191.jpg?resize=300%2C191)
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Photo credit: Gabriel Salvo Parra (Chile) Description: Gabriel Salvo Parra and Abdel Rahman El Gamal
The photo shows the seafood market in Gotemburg, Sweden which is named in Swedish “Feskekorka” that means “fish church”. Seafood and fish of highest quality are sold in this market. The catch from the North Sea is brought here directly, guaranteeing the freshest mackerel as well as shellfish.
The Fish Church was established in 1874 upon the request of the wives of the fishermen who showed the need for a building in which they could sell their fish. The city architect at the time, Victor von Gegerfelt borrowed the architecture design of Gothic church in designing this market with its steeply pitched roof and large oriel windows. The architect was keen to have the market totally without inside poles.
![Seafood Market in Gotemburg (Sweden)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Seafood-Market-in-Gotemburg-Sweden-300x167.jpg?resize=300%2C167)
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Review: Abdel Rahman El Gamal (Founder of the website)
The spread of nuisance aquatic plants (e.g. water hyacinth) has always caused serious problems (e.g. water loss and navigation) in River Nile and canals. Various control methods have been adopted to control water hyacinth in River Nile including mechanical (dredging) and chemical (herbicides) methods. Since 1990, the use of herbicides in the control of aquatic plants in the River Nile and irrigation canals in Egypt has been banned. Since then, the use of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella has been introduced as a biological control agent for aquatic plants. The biological control project is managed by the Channel Maintenance Research Institute (CMRI), (Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI) including the production of grass carp fingerlings, releasing of fingerlings and monitoring the impacts of grass carp (non-native) on the ecosystem especially on native species. The photo shows a method of marking using ink method that helps to assess the impacts –if any- of released grass carp.
![Ink marking of grass carp (Egypt)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Ink-marking-of-grass-carp-Egypt-300x201.jpg?resize=300%2C201)
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Credit: Hannibal M. Chavez (Philippines)
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) has strengthened its program on aquaculture sub-sector. Researches on the intensification of culture techniques and practices are conducted prior to technology dissemination. Techno-demo on fish culture in concrete tanks and plastic drums utilizing high value species is targeted as an alternative livelihood for family/fisherfolk.
More recently, the intensive tank culture system has sparked interest in aquaculture among businessmen. Meanwhile plastic drums culture system as a backyard fish farming activity has been adopted by the local government units in urban areas. Intensive farming seeks to produce the most quantity of fish in a minimum area by means of intensive feeding requiring some form of aeration to water flow for oxygen and waste removal.
![Urban aquaculture in the Philippines (03)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Urban-aquaculture-in-the-Philippines-03-198x300.jpg?resize=198%2C300)
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Source: Human Geography by: Jean Brunhes (1920). Publisher: George G. Harrap
The following was stated in the book “Fish has been the chief industry of Western Norway, and the cod and the herring the two great sources of revenue for this region. The caption of the photo reads: Drying of cod in Norway”.
![Drying of cod in Norway in 1920](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Drying-of-cod-in-Norway-in-1920-300x152.jpg?resize=300%2C152)
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The three photos show this modern fish market from outside as well as from inside. Fish introduced into the market by fishermen is sold to retailers through auction. Individual buyers purchase their demand of fish from fish retailers who have their designated areas in the same market. Regular fish cleaning and/or filleting are the only type of fish processing which could be done in this market (e.g. no cooking, frying or grilling). As seen in one of the photos, relatively small-medium size fish may be sold in baskets while larger fish could be sold as a whole fish or in parts.
![Fish market in Kuwait (03)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fish-market-in-Kuwait-03-210x300.jpg?resize=210%2C300)
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Source: Last chance in Africa by: Negley Farson. 1950. Publisher: Victor Gollancz (London)
The attached photo describes a fish market in Zanzibar as exactly cited in the source as follows: Zanzibar’s other scene of striking beauty is the harbour on a still sunset. Fish market, rich with the smells of dried shark and the reeking barracuda, dripping their yellow oil into the stone gutters that run with waste”.
![Fish market in Zanzibar (1950)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fish-market-in-Zanzibar-1950-300x214.jpg?resize=300%2C214)
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The black carp or snail carp, Mylopharyngodon piceus belongs to the family, Cyprinidae. The pharyngeal teeth (throat teeth) are one of the black carp’s distinguishing characteristics as represented in their powerful molar-like crushing teeth that enable them to crush mussel shells. It has been reported that an adult black carp is able to eat 3 to 4 pounds of mussels per day. The main diet is snails and mussels which recommended the use of black as biological control for the snails that act as intermediate host of schistosomiasis, “bilharzia”.
![Black carp (pharyngeal teeth)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Black-carp-pharyngeal-teeth-300x207.jpg?resize=300%2C207)
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The photo shows a stainless steel pressure chamber which is used –among other methods- to induce ploidy in fish. This chamber is designed to place a pressure on fertilized eggs in a value as read in the meter gauge in “psi” which stands for pounds per square inch. The psi values often range from 6000 – 8000 even though most pressure chamber can produce up to 10,000 psi. The timing of exposing fertilized eggs to the pressure varies as the pressure is applied to newly fertilized eggs (in case of triploidy) or before the first cell division in case of tetraploidy induction. The duration as well the effective values of the pressure shock varies according to fish species and the induction strategy. The chamber is equipped with depressurized device to relieve the pressure when the shock duration ends.
Note: this photo was taken in 1993 for myself at the Southeastern Fish Cultural Laboratory in Marion, Alabama, USA during a research project on the induction of tilapia triploidy and tetraploidy.
![Ploidy induction in fish using pressure shock (pressure shock)](https://i0.wp.com/fishconsult.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Ploidy-induction-in-fish-using-pressure-shock-pressure-shock-238x300.jpg?resize=238%2C300)
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